covid -19

Covid-19

covid-19

coronavirus is the pleomorphic positive-sense single-stranded RNA of size 100 to 150 NM in diameter due to the small size it crosses from mouth mask.

 it seems to be like it crown-like in appearance due to the presence of spike protein in its envelope.  the in vitro culture is very difficult so it's only grows in the human tracheal organs.

 There are four types of  human coronavirus 229E human coronavirus O C43 human coronavirus and NL 63 human coronavirus HK U1 virus which causes acute respiratory disease in humans.

 it's made up of the nucleic acid RNA and animal which is surrounded by an envelope and has spike protein embedded in envelope another member of the family is torovirus which causes diarrhea in humans.

Epidemiology

epidemiology chart

now we discuss the epidemiology of the coronavirus 35% cases have a common cold it's commonly seen in winter and Early Spring, greater than 80% of the adult population have antibodies against the coronavirus its outbreak seen from 2002 to 2003 and started in southern China affect 8775peoples and death of 700peoples 17 cases seen in 2005also  the main Reservoir host is horseshoe bat which causes diseases in human contact by eating of their flesh the viral particles are non-infectious in the environment but when they enter in the host the body they start replicating and still alive in protein form and enter in human lungs and after entering in human tracheal cells start to replicate and infect the lungs on 20 March 2020 confirm case cases bi wh0 is 200019 9839 and confirm that is 8778 in 168 countries and from the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare cases there are 171 cases are active in India of discharge 19 and one of the migratory case of coronavirus and confirm the death  of four people in on dated 19 March 2020

Pathogenesis

now discuss the pathogenesis of the coronavirus  the aminopeptidase receptor and damage of the cells in the induction of chemokines and interleukin which causes fever.

 also, a symptom of common cold the virus is attached by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor type 2 to the respiratory ciliated epithelium cells virus is also found in the bloodstream, urine, and stool of the patient the incubation period is of 2to14 days of the coronavirus after 2-3 weeks there is distress in the respiratory tract and also increase of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which detected in serum in acute respiratory distress syndrome there is difficulty in breathing to the patient after some time the patient is problem with dyspnea.

Clinical symptom

Now discuss the the clinical symptom of the virus the incubation period is starting 1-5 days with dry cough and fever, headache. malaise and of non-productive cough and dyspnea 25% of the cases have diarrhea.

 the  X-ray of the patient shows infiltration patchy areas of consolidation in the lower respiratory lung part. in the second week, the patient respiratory function worsens acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction.

 but in children they have no kind of symptoms they form the antibodies against the virus nasal discharge in cold due to loss of beating cilia in the respiratory organs.

 there are difficulty and shortness of breathing  are major symptoms which are seen in the second week of the patient suffer from virus also feels pressure in the chest and some common symptoms a bluish lip and face of the patient.

these symptoms are also seen in the flu but flu has a vaccine peoples affected by the virus are persons those who are immunodeficient, cancer patient, diabetic, traumatic, pneumonia, tuberculosis bacterium patient and many other patients.

laboratory finding

Laboratory findings Now discuss the laboratory findings of the  patient there is seen lymphopenia nearly 50% of cases details of low cd4+ cells and cd8 + cells and also affect natural killer cells and there is also normal or slightly low white blood cells, an increase of aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood is seen.

 confirmatory diagnosis is done by reverse a transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of respiratory tract samples and can be diagnosed by urine and stool samples. Vero E6 tissue culture of cells is also done antibodies against the virus is confirmed by ELISA and immunofluorescence.

Treatment

prevention by wash hand

Now discuss the treatment of virus basically there are no separate drug for this virus to stop the replication process we use nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitors drugs which are also used in HIV+patients such as zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, didanosine etc.

 and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as nevirapine, efavirenz  we also use the protease inhibitors such as nelfinavir, saquinavir, indinavir ribavirin, etc due to unavailability of the drug main focus on the prevention to prevent communicability of the disease the  immunity is also a treatment option we can stop the infection by increasing the immunity of the human body by increase immunoglobulins.

 A there is no vaccination for this virus, immunoglobulin A found in Mucosal Surface of the lungs is also present in tears, nasal fluids, colostrum and secretions of lungs to increase the immunity we use the turmeric as an agent which boost immunity due to the presence of curcumin in it, due to its anti-inflammatory nature its prevent from the common cold.

 in the pregnant female, the female has to increase the milk to the child  baby which transfer the immunity to their children the people are recommended  not to  hunger which decreases the immunity vaccination is not possible nowadays.

but we all stop alcohol, smoking which decreases immunity, sun rays which contain the gamma radiation, ultraviolet(UV-c), x rays radiation which breaks the proteins of the virus and prevents the further spreading of diseases. So I sincerely request peoples, please take sunlight at least 30 mins in a day.